Temminck’s pangolin Smutsia temminckii ()

Abstract Temminck’s pangolin (Smutsia temminckii) is a medium-sized species, reaching a typical weight of 9–10 kg. The species is the most widely distributed of the African pangolins, occurring mainly in Southern and East Africa from South Africa north as far as Chad and southern Sudan. The most well studied African pangolin species, Temminck’s pangolin inhabits a variety of arid and mesic savannas and broad-leaved woodlands, but is absent from forests and true deserts. Unlike most other pangolins, the species tends not to dig burrows but prefers to use those excavated by other species (e.g., aardvark [Orycteropus afer]). Largely solitary and nocturnal, the species gives birth to one young annually or biennially. Lion (Panthera leo) and leopard (P. pardus) are the main natural predators. Electrocution on electric fences, local and international trade and habitat loss are the main threats.