Evolution of Mammalian Diversity in the Late Pleistocene–Middle Holocene of the Mountainous Regions of Northern Eurasia: Between Two Interglacials

For the first time, reconstruction was carried out and a comparative analysis of the evolution of the parameters of biological diversity (species richness, entropy, dominance index, measure of organization, etc.) of mammalian complexes of six mountain regions of Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene–Holocene was performed. It was shown that their reactions to the MIS 5e and MIS 1 interglacial conditions were fundamentally different, which does not allow us to make direct extrapolations in predicting the reaction of modern fauna to future climate changes. Mountain fauna in MIS 3 and the first half of MIS 2 combined high biological diversity with high resistance. Maintenance of the relative homeostasis of species richness was probably facilitated by the high functional redundancy of the communities, combined with the high ecological diversity of mountain biotopes.