Trajectory Design for UAV-to-Ground Communication with Energy Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm for Agriculture Application

At present scenario, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been growing in popularity exploiting high mobility, easily deployability and low cost. Sometimes, at remote agricultural sites it become impossible for humans to operate all the time. At such agriculture sites, UAVs can be deployed easily. Planning a path for UAV trajectory is also very difficult task as it involves calculation of infinite number of points. In this article, we have proposed a projectile trajectory for UAV to Ground Terminal (GT) communication without obstacles in between for crop monitoring. Line of site (LoS) and path-loss scenarios are taken into account for UAV-GT communication. For solving higher order integration problem, we have used Simpson’s rule for calculating transmission rate and is maximized between angle of projections 15° and 30° using Genetic Algorithm (GA). It is also observed that gravity plays a major role in the proposed trajectory. Also, energy is a powerful resource and UAV as small in size lacks this resource and must be saved for following trajectory path in fixed time. Therefore, with the help of GA, we have minimized energy for the proposed trajectory.