Understanding COVID-19 effect on the U.S. supply chain of strategic products: important factors, current situation, and future perspective Entendiendo el efecto de COVID-19 en las cadenas de suministro de productos estratégicos en EE.UU.: factores clave, situación actual y perspectivas para el futuro

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated disruptions in supply chains, traveling, businesses, and a loss of human lives that is being accounted in at least one million diseased. When the pandemic started, uncertainties, the lockdown of countries, and stay-at-home orders generated that millions of people made runs to grocery stores to buy essential products, the most distinc-tive being hygiene tissue, antibacterial formulations, and hand sanitizers. Then workers in essential processes in the medical, food, and manufacturing industries had to restart work to keep supply chains running. That generated further repercussions due to the infection of workers in multiple facilities, which created bigger uncertainties. Universities and schools were man-dated to close, and work-from-home orders were enacted in the majority of sectors. In this work, we make a review of events and a summary of the important factors, current situation, and future perspective regarding the effect generated by COVID-19 on the disruptions of supply chains. The strategic sectors summarized are food and produce, transportation, paper prod-ucts, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, medical supplies, automobiles, minerals and technology companies. At six months since the WHO declaration, there are still shockwaves that show some unpredictability. Hence, companies and governments should look for strategical plans for preparing for this kind of events, making supply chains resilient or even immune to pandemics, natural disasters and trade wars. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha generado interrupciones en las cadenas de suministro, viajes, negocios y una perdida de vidas humanas que se contabiliza en al menos un millon. Cuando comenzo la pandemia, las incertidumbres, el cierre de paises y las ordenes para quedarse en casa generaron que millones de personas se acercaran a las tiendas de comestibles para obtener productos esenciales, siendo los mas distintivos papel higienico, formulaciones antibacterianas y desinfectantes para manos. Luego, los trabajadores esenciales en las industrias medica, alimentaria y de manufactura tuvieron que reiniciar el trabajo para mantener en funcionamiento las cadenas de suministro. Se ordeno el cierre de universidades y escuelas, y se aprobaron ordenes de trabajo desde casa en la mayoria de los sectores. En este trabajo, se presenta una revision de los eventos y un resumen de los factores mas importantes, situacion actual y perspectiva futura del efecto que ha generado el COVID-19 en las interrupciones de las cadenas de suministro. Los sectores estrategicos analizados son alimentos, transporte, productos de papel, quimicos y farmaceuticos, suministros medicos, automoviles, minerales y empresas de tecnologia. A los seis meses de la declaracion de la OMS, aun existen consecuencias que muestran cierta imprevisibilidad. Por lo tanto, las empresas y los gobiernos deben buscar planes estrategicos para prepararse para este tipo de eventos. :