Un modèle continu, non linéaire et collaboratif de l’enquête

L’article propose un modele continu, non lineaire, iteratif et collaboratif de l’enquete. Celui-ci decrit le processus d’enquete applique au traitement des problemes criminels et securitaires, faisant appel a des notions cles telles que l’entropie, le raisonnement hypothetico-deductif, la methode scientifique et la pensee iterative. Le modele se concentre sur la demarche inferentielle et intellectuelle de l’enquete plutot que sur les aspects proceduraux, qui varient selon les pays et les juridictions ou selon les types de crime. Inspire de theories preexistantes de l’enquete, ce modele offre un cadre coherent et integratif aux differentes methodes d’enquete qui concourent au traitement de l’information et a la comprehension des evenements et des phenomenes. Le modele permet aux enqueteurs, au sens large, de guider leur raisonnement et leur prise de decisions, ainsi que de situer leurs contributions tout au long du processus d’enquete. Il facilite ainsi la collaboration entre tous les acteurs, a commencer par les inspecteurs, les analystes criminels, les investigateurs numeriques et les criminalistes, pour atteindre leurs objectifs communs au service de la justice, de la securite et de la societe. A l’appui d’exemples issus de notre pratique, nous tracons ici le cheminement intellectuel qui amene a poser ce modele progressif et collaboratif. Cette vision, qui place les intersections en son centre, ebranle les barrieres classiques erigees dans les theories et la pratique. Nous decrivons les enjeux, les avantages et les limites de ce modele. This article proposes a continuous, non-linear, iterative, and collaborative model for the investigation process used to identify and deal with criminal and security problems, relying on key concepts such as entropy, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, scientific method, and iterative thinking. The model focuses on the inferential and intellectual aspects of investigations rather than the procedural aspects, which can vary depending on the country in which the crime was committed or the type of crime. Inspired by existing theories of investigation, this model offers a coherent and integrative framework for processing information and understanding events and phenomena. The model provides guidance for investigators in reasoning and decision-making and situates their contributions during the investigation process. It should ultimately facilitate collaboration between different stakeholders (investigators, criminal analysts, digital investigators, and criminalists) to help them achieve their common objectives in the service of justice, security, and society. Using situations and examples drawn from our work, we describe the intellectual path that led us to develop this progressive and collaborative model. The model, which places meeting places at its centre, undermines the traditional barriers between theory and practice. The challenges, advantages, and limits of this model are also discussed.