The Compound Threat of COVID-19 and Hazards: Public Management and Policy Issues from a Stakeholder Perspective

In the emergency management domain, communities in the U.S. and worldwide need to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from environmental hazards. However, the COVID-19 pandemic is taking place concurrently with other hazards, and these compound threats have public management and public policy impacts and implications. This article answers the following research question: what are the key issues, challenges, and questions faced by government, nonprofit, and community stakeholders regarding public policy and management responses to the compound threat of the COVID-19 pandemic and environmental hazards? This question is addressed by describing issues, challenges, and questions identified by practitioners and researchers related to the emergency management response during a compound hurricane-pandemic event and discussing implications for response and resilience to other hazard-pandemic compound threats using concepts and theories from public policy and emergency management.