AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD (Literature Review)

The problem of diagnostics and treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head is relevant at the present stage. Late diagnostics of this disease leads to a radical operation of hip arthroplasty, which does not always favorably affect the quality of life of young and mature patients, when the primary intervention is not final and the revision arthroplasty is required in the dynamics. Information on modern diagnostic capabilities and a differentiated approach to the choice of treatment methods depending on the stage of avascular necrosis of the femoral head is the purpose of this review. 55 national and international sources have been analyzed in this paper. Data on the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, classifications, possible variants of clinical manifestations of the process, detailed results of additional survey methods in a comparative perspective, including early stages of the disease and possible methods of conservative and operative treatment depending on the stage of the disease are presented in this review. The introduction into practice of decompression surgical methods of treatment, the use of biocomposite materials, vascularized bone grafts to fill the bone cavity allows us to look optimistically at the prospects of methods development for treating this pathology.