Key factors in Knowledge Sharing Behavior in Virtual Communities of Practice: A Systematic Review

espanolLas Comunidades de Practica Virtuales (VCOP) son entornos ampliamente reconocidos como instrumentos para la gestion de conocimiento y, de manera incipiente, se estan empezando a valorar sus contribuciones desde el punto de vista sociocultural. Sin embargo, las VCOP son contextos de participacion complejos por su naturaleza sociotecnica y sociocultural. Los mecanismos de participacion, particularmente el comportamiento de compartir conocimiento (KSB), se han abordado desde fundamentos teoricos y metodos de investigacion extremadamente heterogeneos. Como resultado, se ha identificado una gran dispersion de factores y dimensiones. Este articulo trata de presentar una vision general que resuma y sistematice los factores clave del KSB en las VCOP. Este articulo presenta una revision sistematica sobre el KSB en las VCOP, basada en 42 estudios recuperados de WOS, SCOPUS y Science Direct. La revision se ha realizado utilizando el modelo PRISMA. La seleccion y sintesis cualitativa de los articulos se ha enriquecido utilizando Nvivo para codificar y analizar los articulos a texto completo. Los resultados sugieren que el KSB en las VCOP tiene un caracter multidimensional y multifactorial que incluye factores personales, interpersonales, contextuales y tecnologicos. La tipologia de factores que se presenta podria ser utilizada en contextos academicos para desarrollar nuevas investigaciones teoricas o empiricas, o como en contextos profesionales para implementar VCOPs en instituciones de diversos sectores. Nuevos instrumentos de evaluacion sobre el KSB en las VCOP podrian basarse en esta tipologia. EnglishVirtual Communities of Practice (VCOP) are environments widely recognized as knowledge management instruments, and their sociocultural contributions are being incipiently valued. However, VCOPs are complex participation contexts due to their sociotechnical and sociocultural nature. Participation mechanisms, particularly Knowledge Sharing Behavior (KSB), have been studied from heterogeneous theoretical foundations and practical research methods. Therefore, a wide dispersion of factors and dimensions has been identified. This paper aims to present an overview that summarizes and systematizes the key drivers of KSB in VCOPs. This paper presents a systematic review of KSB in VCOPs, based on 42 studies retrieved from WOS, SCOPUS and Science Direct. The review was conducted using the PRISMA model. The selection and qualitative synthesis of articles was enriched using Nvivo for coding and analysis of the full text documents. The results suggest that KSB in VCOPs have a multidimensional and multifactorial character that includes personal, interpersonal, contextual, and technological factors. The typology of factors presented could serve in academic settings to conduct new theoretical or empirical research, or in practitioner settings to implement VCOPs in institutions across diverse sectors. New assessment instruments of KSB in VCOPs could be based on this typology.