Flazin as a Promising Nrf2 Pathway Activator
2019
Flazin
is a β-carboline-derived alkaloid found in Japanese
fermented foods. Here, the potential of flazin as an antioxidant food
was studied with particular reference to its effect on the Kelch-like
ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related
factor 2 (Nrf2) system in human hepatocytes (C3A). Flazin and flazin
analogues including the decarboxylated derivative perlolyrine were
chemically synthesized and compared with each other and with chlorogenic
acid and curcumin. Among these compounds, flazin showed the lowest
cytotoxicity (IC50 < 500 μM) and the highest capacity
to activate the Keap1–Nrf2 system. It provided the largest
(>3-fold of the control) cytoprotection ability against a pro-oxidant,
although its radical absorbance capacity was relatively low. Flazin
increased the expressions of Nrf2-dependent phase II enzyme genes
and their products (NQO1, GSTP, and GSH proteins). The strong cytoprotection
ability of flazin associated with low log P (0–3) is shared by sulforaphane and 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl
alcohol, suggesting the potential value of flazin and flazin-rich
foods for the prevention of oxidation-related health disorders.
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