Sustainable use of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash and the treated industrial wastewater in self-compacting concrete

Abstract The vast amount of solid waste landfilling and discharging of wastewater in surface water or groundwater increases water pollution. Therefore, reusing solid waste and wastewater is vital. We studied the feasibility of using different percentages of simultaneous municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) and the treated industrial wastewater in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Also, producing concrete using MSWIBA and tap water was performed. The workability (Slump flow, J-ring, T50, V-funnel, sieve segregation, and Visual Stability Index tests), mechanical property (compressive strength), durability (water adsorption and rapid chloride penetration tests), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image, and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) of SCCs were carried out. The workability of different SCCs mixtures, including different percent of MSWIBA (replacing instead of natural aggregates) with tap water or the treated industrial wastewater, was reached the suitable level and satisfied European guidelines for SCCs and ASTM C1585 by adopting the rate of superplasticizer. The results indicated that the compressive strength decreased with increasing the MSWIBA content in concrete samples using tap water. However, using MSWIBA and the treated industrial wastewater led to increasing compressive strength compared to SCC using both MSWIBA and tap water. When it was used MSWIBA and the treated industrial wastewater simultaneously in SCCs, the water adsorption and rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) results decreased compared to the concrete samples using MSWIBA and tap water. The SEM images present fewer pores and cracks while using the treated industrial wastewater in SCCs. The TCLP results of SCCs include concurrent MSWIBA, and the treated wastewater is below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1311.