Freezing of water in a closed vertical tube cooled by air flow

2019 
Abstract The 3-D freezing of water in a vertical tube cooled by air flow is investigated by means of a numerical analysis for a useful knowledge to protect the tube destruction on freezing. Air flows normal to the tube axis. Several parameters, air flow temperature T a , air flow velocity u a and initial water temperature T ini are selected considered in winter season actually encountered. The numerical results present the onset of freezing and development of ice layer. Especially, a new natural convection of water is seen in the range larger than 16 °C of initial water temperature.
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