Study on Transition Metals in Airborne Particulate Matter in Shanghai City's Subway

PM10and PM2. 5aerosol particle samples were collected at a subway station in Shanghai and their morphology,chemical composition and transition metal species were studied. The mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2. 5 inside the subway station were significantly higher than those measured in aboveground ambient air. The PM levels inside subway were much higher than the state control limit. The aerosol composition in the metro station was quite different from that of the aboveground urban particles.Concentrations of Fe,Mn and Cr were higher than the averages of aboveground urban air particles by factors of 8,2,and 2,respectively,showing a substantial enrichment in subway. Scanning electron microscope( SEM) analysis showed that the subway particles had flat surfaces in combination with parallel scratches and sharp edges and looked like metal sheets or flakes. Furthermore,analysis of the atomic composition of typical subway particles by energy dispersive X-Ray( EDX) spectroscopy showed that oxygen and iron dominated the mass of the particles. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure( XANES) spectroscopy results showed that a fraction( 26%) of the total iron in the PM10 was in the form of pure Fe,while in the street particles Fe( Ⅲ) was shown to be a significant fraction of the total iron. The work demonstrated that the underground subway stations in Shanghai were an important microenvironment for exposure to transition metal aerosol for the people taking subway train for commuting every day and those who work in the subway stations,and the metal particle exposure for people in the subway station should not be ignored.