Designing of a 2x2 E-shaped Microstrip Patch Grid Antenna

In this work, a 2×2 grid of E-shaped patch antennas is proposed. The design of the grid is achieved through the design of a single element, the design of a 1×2 array and finally the design of the 2×2 grid on an FR4 epoxy substrate of thickness 1.5 mm. A corporate feed network of microstrip lines is used to excite the array. The performance of each stage is studied in terms of the return loss parameter, the far field gain, and the beam-widths are observed in each case from simulation results. The resonant frequency in each case is 3.8 GHz. It is observed that as the number of elements is increased, the beam-width reduces. In other words, the directivity is increased. Further, it is also observed that the gain and bandwidth is the minimum for the single patch, followed by that of the 1×2 array and the maximum for the 2×2 grid. Thus, the construction of the grid leads to increase in gain, bandwidth and directivity of the antenna.