Navigation and communication network for the Valles Marineris Explorer (VaMEx)

Abstract With recent advances in robotics and space technology for the exploration of our Solar System, innovative mission concepts are being proposed to further extend our knowledge of our neighbouring planets and their satellites. VaMEx, abbreviation for Valles Marineris Explorer, is an example of such an initiative. VaMEx aims to survey the canyons of the Valles Marineris, for the duration of one year. A cluster of robotic elements is tasked with the planetary exploration activities. Due to the hazardous environment, it is required that these elements navigate autonomously, broadcast position information and exchange science data during the operational phase of the mission. To support these functions, a VaMEx space segment composed of one (or more) orbiter satellite(s) is proposed. Three possible swarm localization schemes were investigated: 1) radio positioning, 2) cartographic triangulation of ground features from optical images and 3) cartographic triangulation of radar persistent scatters. For each of the proposed navigation concepts, a suitable orbit constellation solution was assessed. Each solution was evaluated in terms of orbit stability, control effort and communications performance using metrics specific to each of the three concepts (length of pass, visibility gaps, geometry constraints, etc.). With the described navigation concept and mission analysis results, a preliminary operational architecture for the VaMEx space segment is conceived, taking into account existing technologies, communications performance, overall mission complexity and feasibility.