El camino hacia la luz láser

The present work is a review of the chronological development of the laser invention, starting from the theoretical proposal of stimulated emission to the invention of the first laser device. We present the most relevant research papers and discuss the difficulties that had to be faced, including the disputes that occurred at the time of registering the laser patent. Besides, the theoretical principles that make possible the emission of the laser are studied, describing the population inversion in a system of three levels of energy from a mathematical model and the architecture that must have a laser linear cavity.