Design and Optimization of Feedforward-PID Integrated Controller forPre-Injection Numerical Control Air-Powered Engine

A feedforward-PID integrated controller is developed and optimized for the pre-injection numerical control (NC) air-powered engine (PINCAPE) to track the expected speed quickly and accurately. The proposed integrated con- troller comprises two parts, namely a feedforward controller and a PID one. According to the real-time workload and the expected speed, the feedforward controller uses a numerical fitting function to determine the main part of the supply air pressure to obtain good stable accuracy. The function is developed with the output of the supply air pressure, and the in- puts of the engine speed and the output power, which are based on the different steady-state operations of the engine. To improve the engine response performance, the PID controller gives the fine-tuning of the supply air pressure with the in- put of the difference between the expected speed and the real-time speed. The parameters of the PID controller are opti- mized according to the genetic algorithm, with an objective function that minimizes the mean square of the speed error. The results show that the optimized feedforward-PID integrated controller shortens the response time of the PINCAPE by more than 47% and 64.5% under varied set point speed and engine load variations respectively, compared with the single feedforward controller. Furthermore, the response steady state error of the feedforward-PID integrated controller is less than 1%, which perfectly satisfies the control specification.