Evaluation of quantitative PCR reference genes for gene expression studies in Tribolium castaneum after fungal challenge

To investigate gene expression in Tribolium castaneum exposed to Beauveria bassiana, reference genes for qPCR were evaluated. Of these, β-actin, α-tubulin, and RPS6 were not stable. The most stable were ribosomal protein genes, RPS3, RPS18, and RPL13a. Syntaxin1, syntaxin6, and E-cadherin may be appropriate for some experimental systems.