Seismic behaviour of fibre-reinforced-polymer- and steel-strengthened timber connections

In the event of a seismic attack, the structural integrity of moment-resisting timber frames in the joint region may become compromised and hence the joint may not be able to transfer bending moment around the frame. Often, replacement of a damaged joint is not an option and hence efficient but effective strengthening and repair schemes for such joints are necessary. This article reports the results of 15 tests on 10 metal dowel-type moment-resisting timber connections subjected to monotonic or cyclic loading. Joints are either strengthened or repaired with epoxy, fibre-reinforced polymer composites or steel plates. The ability of the test joints to resist the imposed cyclic loading is presented in the context of hysteresis responses. Recommendations for strengthening and repair interventions are made based on strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation and damping characteristics of the test joints.