Potential COVID-19 Effects on Reproductive Systems and Fertility; ART Guidelines and Considerations: A Review

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. It utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in renin-angiotensin system (RAS) for viral entry. ACE2 is identified in female and male reproductive systems and reports of multi-organ involvement has led to uncertainty regarding its effects on reproductive systems and fertility. We review existing literature regarding function of ACE2 and RAS in reproductive systems to postulate the implications SARS-CoV-2 may have on fertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. ART guidelines from different fertility societies are provided for management of ART patients and for ART laboratory regulations.