Coupled Mode Characteristics From the Perturbation of 3D Printed Long-Period Fiber Grating Devices

Characteristics of electric field from a coupled mode inside an optical fiber under perturbation by three-dimensional (3D) printed long-period fiber grating (LPFG) device have been observed in this work by the experiment and simulation. The various periodic index differences referring to the weights of perturbation by 3D printed LPFG device are applied on the single-mode fiber. The experimental results show that the resonant wavelength shift is a linear function of the grating period with the maximum coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9995. Some of resonant wavelengths are chosen to run simulations to investigate the electric field distribution. The scattering direction of the electric field states the magnitude of leaking optical power when the light transmits through the grating region applied to the single-mode fiber. Both the experimental and simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can usefully be applied to selective tunable filters, intruder sensors, etc.