Mechanisms of synovial joint formation

: Synovial joints are comprised of relatively simple biomechanical structures including articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments and a fibrous capsule; they are fundamentally important for function and quality of life. Recent studies described the spatio-temporal expression patterns of signaling molecules and transcription factors in the developing synovial joints. Though few in number, the gain and/or loss of function-experiments demonstrated direct involvement of these molecules in joint formation. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of synovial joint formation in the limbs.