Analysis of Tissue Damage After Laser Induced Shockwave Lithotripsy

Pulsed laser systems can be used to fragment in ureteral or bile duct calculi intra-corporally. Experimentation with these lasers have identified the optimal parameters for lithotripsy. All systems use approximately the same pulse energy of about 30 to 80 mJ, however with different pulse lengths and wave lengths. Different transmission systems with or without special couplers produce comparable stone fragmentation into small pieces.