Ground-test validation technologies for Chang’e-5 lunar probe

The complexity and particularity of Chang’e-5 unmanned lunar sample return missions have high demands for ground-test validation of the Chang’e-5 lunar probe. Test requirements cover multisystem levels, including the large-system, system, subsystem, and component levels. Several difficult ground tests are directed against the key processes, such as sampling and packaging, launching on the moon, rendezvous and docking, and sample transferring in lunar orbit, high-speed reentry. Here, we analyze the features of the ground-test validation for the Chang’e-5 lunar probe and the test requirements of each system level and highlight the testing systems, methods, and results of several large-scale comprehensive tests. Finally, we discuss the innovations of ground-test validation technologies for the Chang’e-5 lunar probe. This article provides important references and guidance for ground tests and design validation for future complex spacecraft or deep space probes.