A Review on Hardware Security Countermeasures for IoT: Emerging Mechanisms and Machine Learning Solutions

The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem necessitates the mitigation of security threats not only in the software domain but also in the hardware. However, owing to the inherent characteristics and limitations of the IoT devices, designing hardware security solutions is a complex and non-trivial process. This paper surveys recent research works, in which countermeasures against potential threats of hardware security of IoT devices have been proposed. In this context, employing machine-learning (ML) methods is also expected to lead to effective solutions. Towards this end, this paper provides an overview of ML-based countermeasures. Finally, open issues in these relevant fields are given, stimulating further research.