Gangrena de fournier con extensión retroperitoneal: claves para una evolución favorable

2020 
espanolIntroduccion. La fascitis necrotizante, Gangrena de Fournier cuando su origen es perianal, es una infeccion severa de los tejidos blandos, musculos y fascias, asociada a elevada mortalidad. Caso clinico. Presentamos un caso tratado con exito en nuestro centro. Paciente de 63 anos con dolor abdominal y perianal, exploracion clinica y radiografia simple altamente sugestivas, diagnosticado de Gangrena de Fournier con extension retroperitoneal. La actuacion terapeutica sin demora (desbridamiento quirurgico agresivo, medidas de resucitacion intensivas y antibioterapia de amplio espectro) permitieron salvar la vida del paciente. Discusion. La Gangrena de Fournier se asocia mayoritariamente a factores de riesgo y su evolucion es rapida y fulminante hacia una sepsis polimicrobiana. La exploracion fisica es suficiente para su diagnostico y no debemos perder tiempo en la realizacion de pruebas complementarias. En caso de extension retroperitoneal, con menor expresion clinica, el TAC es sensible. La actuacion terapeutica debe aplicarse sin demora y de forma agresiva de inicio. Un elevado indice de sospecha y una actuacion rapida, agresiva y mult-disciplinar, siguen siendo las claves en el manejo de esta patologia, reduciendo asi su alta mortalidad. EnglishIntroduction. Necrotizing fasciitis, Fournier’s gangrene when its origin is perianal, is a severe infection of the soft tissues, muscles and fascia, associated with high mortality. Clinical case. We present a case treated successfully in our center. 63-year-old patient with abdominal and perianal pain, highly suggestive clinical examination and plain X-ray, diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene with retroperitoneal extension. Therapeutic action without delay (aggressive surgical debridement, intensive resuscitation measures and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy) saved the life of the patient. Discussion. Fournier’s gangrene is mainly associated with risk factors and its evolution is rapid and fulminant towards polymicrobial sepsis. The physical examination is sufficient for its diagnosis and we should not waste time in carrying out complementary tests. In the case of retroperitoneal extension, with less clinical expression, the CT scan is sensitive. Therapeutic action must be applied without delay and aggressively from the beginning. A high index of suspicion and rapid, aggressive and multidisciplinary action remain the keys to managing this pathology, thus reducing its high mortality.
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