Association of matrix metalloproteinases with male reproductive functions; with focus on MMP2, 7, and 9

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteases involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) destruction. These enzymes have important roles in physiological and pathological processes. MMPs also have crucial roles in spermatogenesis. Hence, we evaluated the role of MMP2, 7, 9 genes and their related proteins on male reproductive functions. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were used to search and evaluate the relevant studies up to August 2020. Findings revealed that MMP2, 7, and 9 have significant roles in reproductive organs development and normal spermatogenesis process. Also, these types of MMPs were related to sperm parameters quality and fertilization rate. Moreover, these enzymes were involved in capacitation, breakdown of physical barriers between egg and sperm, migration of germ cells, modulation of inflammation status, and sperm DNA fragmentation. Nonetheless, further comprehensive experimental studies are recommended to provide more definitive evidence regarding the exact molecular mechanisms of MMPs in spermatogenesis and male fertility.