Non-Rotationally Symmetric Field Mapping for Back-Scanned Step/Stare Imaging System

Step/stare imaging with focal plane arrays (FPAs) has become the main approach to achieve wide area coverage and high resolution imaging for long range targets. A fast steering mirror (FSM) is usually utilized to provide back-scanned motion to compensate for the image motion. However, the traditional optical design can just hold one field point relatively stable, typically the central or on-axis field point, on the FPA during back-scanning; all other field points may wander during the exposure due to imaging distortion characteristics of the optical system, which reduces the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the target. Aiming toward this problem, this paper proposes a non-rotationally symmetric field mapping method for the back-scanned step/stare imaging system, which can make all field points stable on the FPA during back-scanning. First of all, the mathematical model of non-rotationally symmetric field mapping between object space and image space is established. Then, a back-scanned step/stare imaging system based on the model is designed, in which this non-rotationally symmetric mapping can be implemented with an afocal telescope including freeform lenses. Freeform lenses can produce an anamorphic aberration to adjust distortion characteristics of the optical system to control image wander on an FPA. Furthermore, the simulations verify the effectiveness of the method.