Warfare and group solidarity: From Ibn Khaldun to Ernest Gellner and beyond
2021
Ibn Khaldun and Ernest Gellner have both developed comprehensive yet very
different theories of social cohesion. Whereas Ibn Khaldun traces the
development of intense group solidarity to the ascetic lifestyles of nomadic
warriors, for Gellner social cohesion is a product of different material
conditions. In contrast to Ibn Khaldun’s theory, where all social ties are
generated through similar social processes, in Gellner’s model the patterns
of collective solidarity change through time, that is, different societies
produce different forms of social cohesion. While Ibn Khaldun argues that
asbiyyah is the backbone of group unity in all social orders, Gellner
insists that modern societies are underpinned by very different type of
collective solidarity than their premodern counterparts. In this paper I
offer a critique of Ibn Khaldun’s and Gellner’s theories of social cohesion
and develop an alternative explanation, which situates the social dynamics
of group solidarity in the organisational and ideological legacies of
warfare.
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