Polarization-dependent holography with metasurfaces

Metasurfaces may be structured with anisotropic constituent elements, leading to form birefringence. In recent years, these devices have enabled a variety of new polarization-dependent optical elements. The most general of these are holograms; a wide variety of polarization-dependent holograms have been demonstrated with metasurfaces, including those that can be switched by an arbitrarily specified basis of (in general) elliptical polarization states. In this presentation, we will thoroughly review work of this nature. In doing so, we will show that the design freedom afforded by form-birefringent metasurfaces to produce polarization-dependent holograms has not been fully exploited: metasurfaces may be used to produce what we dub “Jones matrix holograms”, in which the polarization response is not limited to an orthogonal basis of polarization states. Examples of these are shown.