Molecular approaches for designing heat tolerant wheat

Global warming is causing changes in tempera- ture rapidly for over two decades. The increased temperature during reproductive phase of plant growth has emerged as a serious problem all over the world. Constant or transitory high temperatures may affect the plant growth and develop- ment which may lead to diverse morphological, physiolog- ical and biochemical changes in plants ultimately decrease in yield. Genetic approaches leading to improved thermo- tolerance can mitigate the reduction in yield. In this back- drop, several indirect traits or parameters have been devel- oped for identification of heat tolerant plants/lines. The traits like stay green/delayed senescence are reported to contribute toward capability of plants to tolerate heat stress. In addition, understanding of biochemical and molecular basis of thermo-tolerance in combination with genetic approaches like identification and mapping of heat tolerant QTLs will not only assist conventional breeders to develop heat tolerant cultivars but also help molecular biologists to clone and characterize genes associated with heat tolerance, which could be used in genetically modified heat tolerant plants. Therefore, overviews of different strategies for developing heat tolerant wheat are discussed in this review.