The Effects of Race, Gender, and Survey Methodologies on Giving in the US

This study examines the effects of race and gender on philanthropy and interaction effects between race or gender and survey methodologies. Results indicate differences in philanthropic behaviors by gender but not by race. We also find significant interaction effects between survey methodologies and race and gender, which may have important implications for social science research in which race and/or gender explain or predict behaviors. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.