Social Organization and Reproductive Biology of Himalayan Grey Langur (Semnopithecus entellus ajex) in Machiara National Park, Azad Kashmir (Pakistan)

Social organization and reproductive biology of Himalayan Grey Langur (Semnopithecus entellus ajax) was studied from April, 2006 to April, 2007 in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. During the study nine troops and three male bands were found distributed in the study area. Out of these, only three focal Langur groups, including, two bisexual troops and one all male band were selected for detail study. Langurs are social animals and live in groups in the form of uni-male bisexual troops (UMBS), multi-male bisexual (MMBS) troops and all-male bands (AMB). Langurs of three focal groups spent 31.71% of their active period in feeding, 22.75% in monitoring, 21.08% in dozing, 12.43% in movements, 10.02% in grooming and only 2.01% in sexual and other activities. In Machiara National Park, langurs breed from February to September with maximum births in months of March to June, representing a birth peak while no birth was recorded in the months of October to January during the year 2006-07. In nine study troops, 61 births were recorded during the study period with average birth rate of 0.3.