Honey Loaded Silk Fibroin 3D Porous Scaffold Facilitates Homeostatic Full-Thickness Wound Healing

Dermal reconstruction in acute and chronic wounds needs highly vascularized dermal tissue engineered skin substitutes which has the potentiality to provide physical cues as well as biological cues for scarless regenerative wound healing. Herein, we have investigated blends of silk fibroin and honey as a wound healing substrate that able to facilitate keratinocyte and fibroblast adhesion, migration and proliferation. Honey-silk fibroin (HSF) three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were fabricated by freeze drying and characterized in detail for their physico-chemical, mechanical, swelling and degradable properties. Interestingly, in vitro studies showed better adhesion, proliferation and homogenous distribution of fibroblasts within blended scaffolds especially with 4% honey concentration (HSF4). Also, its structural composition with interconnected pores in the range of 108-152µm and porosity 82-92% further confirms the superiority over the counterparts and other blended scaffolds. The in vivo cytotoxic studies validated the biocompatibility of HSF4 scaffolds and the infiltration of both types of cells from the neighboring tissue. Fascinatingly, in vivo cutaneous wound healing studies demonstrated the attainment of normal homeostasis with proper re-epithelialization, collagen matrix remodeling having high collagen I expression with minimal scar under HSF4 scaffolds implantation. Taken together, this study suggests the potentiality of incorporation of honey component as a payload which not only augmented the scarless healing also modified the physical properties of scaffold in order to provide the suitable micro-ambience for healing and these material scaffold proved to be a potential dermal substitute for acute as well as chronic wounds.