Catalytic performance of carbonaceous materials in the esterification of succinic acid

Abstract Mesoporous carbonaceous materials have outstanding potential in many different applications such as adsorption, medicine and catalysis. We have recently reported the synthesis of a new form of mesoporous carbon, named Starbon ® , obtained after low temperature carbonization of expanded starch. Such starch-derived mesoporous materials have several tunable properties including surface energies (ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic surfaces), which can be easily controlled by the degree of carbonization (from 200 to 700 °C). Due to the diversity of surface functional groups, Starbons ® can be easily chemically modified. Treatment of Starbon ® materials with sulfuric acid gave a solid acid that has promising properties as heterogeneous catalyst. Comparative catalytic studies with some other similar commercial carbonaceous materials such as DARCO ® and NORIT ® , as well as phosphorous-containing microporous carbons, are reported.