Supplement of high protein-enriched diet modulates the diversity of gut microbiota in C57 or PD-1H-depleted mice.

Supplement of high protein food plays an important role in improving the symptoms of malnutrition and the immune capacity of the body, but the association of high protein diet and gut microbiota remained unaddressed. Here, we observed that pupae increased the concentration of blood glucose in C57, but not in PD-1H depleted mice, and chow diet feeding as no effect on weight change in C57 and PD-1H depleted mice. In pupae fed group, liver weight was decreased and spleen weight was increased compared with that of PD-1H depleted mice. The amount of Melainabacteria, Chloroflexi, and Armatimonadetes were specifically upregulated by pupae, and this upregulation were weakened or eliminated by PD-1H depletion. Some bacteria with high abundance in chow diet fed PD-1H-/- mice, such as Deferribacteres, Melainabacteria. Spirochaetes and Werrucomicrobia, were decreased in pupae fed PD-1H-/- mice, and Proteobacteria and Deinococcus were specifically enriched in pupae fed PD-1H-/- mice. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Akkermansia in the pupa fed group have been evidenced with weight loss and Lachnospiraceae and Anaerobiospirillum have been demonstrated function in glucose metabolism and energy consumption. We discovered some gut bacteria specifically regulated the metabolism of high protein diet, and PD-1H deficiency improved the quality of mice life and sustained the blood glucose, moreover, PD-1H responses to high protein diet through modulating the type and quantity of gut bacteria, these findings provide evidence about the association among gut microbiota, T cell activation (for PD-1H depletion) and high protein diet metabolism, have important theoretical significance for nutrition and health research.