Optimization of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium SP. – A review

Abstract Microorganisms are becoming increasingly popular as a source of raw materials for the production of food for humans and feed for animals. These raw materials are usually associated with a relatively high price due to the still low efficiency of microorganisms biomass production. The fall in prices is inextricably linked to the optimization of the production process, specific for each species. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of research for the optimization of oil production from Schizochytrium sp., with a strong emphasis on the production of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This genus is related to a high percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the composition of fatty acids, with relatively high concentration of dry matter per liter of medium. Optimization of DHA production involves the use of appropriate source and concentration of carbon and nitrogen, providing the microorganisms with optimal growth environment, which consists of pH, oxygenation, water temperature, salinity and medium fluid dynamics.