Synergistic effect of anti-Helicobacter pylori urease immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk of immunized hens and Lactobacillus johnsonii No.1088 to inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro and in vivo

Abstract Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that infects the stomach, causing chronic gastritis; and it is also considered to be related to the occurrence of gastric cancers. Although some eradication regimens including multiple antibiotics have been developed, the emergence of resistance to antibiotics becomes problematic. Therefore, other approaches to compensate or augment the effects of standard regimens are needed. In this study, we examined the possible synergistic effects of anti- H. pylori urease IgY and Lactobacillus johnsonii No.1088 (LJ88) both in vitro and in vivo . Anti- H. pylori urease IgY was purified from egg yolks laid by the hens immunized with urease purified from H. pylori . LJ88 is a unique strain of lactic acid bacterium isolated from human gastric juice, and it has been reported to inhibit H. pylori both in vitro and in vivo . The in vitro mixed culture study showed that anti- H. pylori urease IgY augmented the anti- H. pylori activity of LJ88 against both clarithromycin-sensitive and -resistant H. pylori strains. In a germ-free mice infection model, combined administration of daily anti- H. pylori urease IgY and weekly living LJ88 significantly reduced H. pylori infections, whereas either monotherapy did not. In an in vivo human gut microbiota-associated mice model, not only daily administration of living LJ88 but also heat-killed one significantly reduced an H. pylori infection in the stomach when combined with anti- H. pylori urease IgY. The extent of reduction of the stomach H. pylori by such a combination therapy was larger than that reported for LJ88 monotherapy. These results taken together revealed a synergistic effect of anti- H. pylori urease IgY and living or heat-killed LJ88, thus suggesting that such a combination might be a promising therapy to possibly compensate and/or augment standard anti- H. pylori regimens.