Nematic electronic state and twofold symmetry of superconductivity in the topological kagome metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$

In transition metal compounds, due to the interactions among the charge, spin, lattice and orbital freedoms, many intertwined orders exist with close energies. One of the commonly observed states is the so-called nematic electron state, which breaks the in-plane rotational symmetry. This nematic state appears in cuprates, iron based superconductor, ultra-clean quantum Hall systems, and Sr$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$, etc. Nematicity may coexist, affect, cooperate or compete with other orders. Here we show the anisotropic in-plane electronic state and superconductivity in a recently discovered kagome metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ by measuring $c$-axis resistivity with the in-plane rotation of magnetic field. We observe a twofold symmetry of superconductivity in the superconducting state and a unique in-plane nematic electronic state above $T_c$. Interestingly these two orders are orthogonal to each other in terms of the field direction of the minimum resistivity. Our results shed new light in understanding non-trivial physical properties of CsV$_3$Sb$_5$.