Governance of wastewater surveillance systems to minimize the impact of COVID-19 and future epidemics:Cases across Asia-Pacific

Abstract This chapter describes the current status and challenges regarding the governance of wastewater surveillance systems against COVID-19. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater has been proposed to be a potential tool to understand the actual prevalence of COVID-19 in the community, and it could be an effective tool during the pandemic to monitor the trend as well as beyond the pandemic as an early warning system to prevent future outbreaks. However, challenges to institutionalize wastewater surveillance systems are still abundant and unfolding at a rapid rate given that the international understanding regarding the scientific knowledge and socio-political impacts of COVID-19 are in the developing stages. To better understand the existing challenges and bottlenecks, a comparative study between eight countries across the Asia-Pacific was carried out. Through gaining a better understanding of common issues as well as issues specific to each country, we hope to contribute to building a robust multistakeholder system to monitor SARS-CoV-2 as well as future pathogens in wastewater as an effective disease surveillance system for COVID-19 and unknown epidemics (disease X) in the community level.