Cytotoxic effect of crude Vitex glabrata fruit extracts on human cancer cell lines

Vitex glabrata (VG) or Khai-noa fruit extracts were prepared from three methods; squeezing (SE), maceration (ME), and ethanol extraction (EE) to evaluate their effects in vitro. By the DPPH scavenging assay, all extracts revealed very weak antioxidant. Results of MTT assay showed the increase in cell viability of SE at 100 and 500 µg/ml on TK6 cells after 24 and 48 h treatments (p<0.01) without affecting Caco-2 cells. Conversely, a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of all extracts revealed at 1000-2000 µg/ml on both cells (p<0.01). SE showed cytotoxicity on PC-3 cells and anticancer activity when confirmed by clonogenic assay in a dose-dependent manner. SE also showed cytotoxicity on HT-29 cells after 24 h treatment but the cells could recurrent in the clonogenic assay. No effect was observed on MCF-7 cells after SE alone, SE co-treated with MMC treatment, and in the clonogenic assay. Moreover, HT-29 cells revealed a dose-dependent decrease in viability when treated with SE co-treated with MMC by 24 h. Hence, SE can selectively promote cell viability on TK6 and anticancer activity on PC-3. These results suggest that the different potential of SE depends on different cell lines. :TJPS-2020-0088.R2