Influence of ankle's degree of freedom on muscle force estimation in different simulation environments

The main movements of the ankle joint are dorsi-, plantarflexion (DF/PF), eversion and inversion. In musculoskeletal modelling of walking, the ankle is often simplified, e.g. restricting the degree of freedom (DoF) of the ankle joint, which might lead to altered muscle force estimations. Different simulation environments use different standard anatomical models which complicates comparison between results.