3D Dead: Ethical Considerations in Digital Human Osteology

2021 
Humans have interacted with the remains of our dead for aesthetic and ritual purposes for millennia, and we have utilized them for medical, educational, and scholarly pursuits for several centuries. Recently, it has become possible to use digital technologies such as 3D scanners and printers for reconstructing, representing, and disseminating bodies. At the same time, there is growing interest among academics and curators in taking a more reflexive approach to the ethical and social dimensions of conservation. This paper considers theoretical and practical aspects of ethics as they apply to the 3D scanning and printing of human skeletal remains for curation or dissemination, provides case studies from our work in the United States, and suggests guidelines for best practices.   Los seres humanos hemos interactuado con los restos humanos de nuestros muertos por razones esteticas y rituales por milenios. Asimismo, estos restos han sido utilizados para conducir investigaciones medicas, educativas, y academicas por varios siglos. Recientemente, con la ayuda de la tecnologia digital de los escaneres e impresoras 3D ha sido posible reconstruir, representar, y difundir estos cuerpos. Al mismo tiempo, los academicos y los conservadores proponen ser mas reflexivos al lidiar con las dimension eseticas y sociales del campo de la conservacion. Este articulo considera los aspectos teoricos y practicos de la etica de los escaneos e impresiones 3D de restos oseos humanos para su conservacion y diseminacion, aporta casos practicos de nuestros trabajos investigativos en los Estados Unidos como ejemplos, y sugiere normas para una practica adecuada.
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