Electronic structure and magnetic properties of Al-doped Fe 3 O 4 films studied by x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism

sBdions using x-ray resonance scattering measurements. As thetemperature is reduced, the electrical conductivity dropsabruptly by two orders of magnitude at about 120 K accom-panied by a decrease of the magnetic moment. This peculiarfirst-order metal-insulator phase transition is known as theVerwey transition.