Fabrication of hollow branch structure without core by circumferential exposure for vascular model with temperature indicating function

In recent years, the progress and complication of surgical techniques required for surgical instruments and doctors are progressing rapidly with the development of medical technology. Improvement of the training equipment for improvement of doctor's surgical technique is urgent. Conventional surgical training system such as virtual reality technology, animal model, and artificially simulated organs have been developed [1, 2]. In simulators using virtual reality, unregistered surgical instruments can not be used, simulators using animals have problems such as ethics and similarity of shape and mechanical properties to real human. For these reasons, in recent years, surgical simulators using artificial models mimicking the shape and physical characteristics of organs have been extensively researched and developed.