Monitoramento de áreas de preservação permanente (APP) interceptadas pela ferrovia norte-sul em um trecho do estado de Goiás/Brasil, por meio de dados de sensoriamento remoto

The permanent preservation areas (APP in Portuguese) have the environmental function of preserving water resources, landscape, geological stability and biodiversity, facilitating the genetic flow of fauna and flora, protect the soil and ensuring the well-being of human populations. Anthropogenic interventions in these areas are diverse and, if not mitigated and controlled, may jeopardize the preservation of these sensitive ecosystems, damaging the flow of water from the springs and the refuges of fauna and flora. One of the ways of controlling and monitoring these environments is with the analysis of the evolution over time of these ecosystems that were impacted by the railway. In this work, seven APP points intercepted by the Norte-Sul Railroad in the state of Goias were selected. These areas were monitored during the installation of this railroad, among others, by obtaining images of the Libra satellite simulated by the Landsat OLI sensor in a time series - 2013 (before construction), 2015 (during construction) and 2018 (after construction) where the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) it was applied in order to verify the loss or gain of vegetation. As a result, it was observed that in fact the installation of a railroad at the peak of its works causes the loss of vegetation in APP, but with the completion of the works a vegetal regeneration is also observed in these areas.