Genetic diversity of Hepatitis C Virus in Pakistan using Next Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background In Pakistan, HCV disease is considered a major public health issue with about 10–17 million people suffering with this infection and rate is increasing every day without any hindrance. The currently available Pyrosequencing approach used to analyze complex viral genomes as it can determine minor variants. It is crucial to understand viral evolution and quasispecies diversity in complex viral strains. Objectives To assess genetic diversity in patients with HCV using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and compare nucleotide diversity of genotype 3a with respect to other genotypes. Study design Intra-host viral diversity of HCV was determined using NGS from 13 chronically HCV infected individuals. NGS of three different regions (E2 (HVR1), NS3 and NS5B) of HCV-3a allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the viral population. Result Phylogenetic analysis of different HCV genes revealed great variability within the Pakistani population. The average nucleotide diversity for HVR1, NS3 and NS5B was 0.029, 0.011 and 0.010 respectively. Conclusion Our findings clearly indicate that patient-2 greater quasispecies heterogeneity than other patients of same genotype-3a using phylogenetic and one step network analyses. Initially phylogenetic analysis of these three genes showed that genotype 3a samples have greater genetic diversity. However, no significant difference was determined when nucleotide variability of genotype 3a compared with other genotypes (1a, 1b, 2a & 4a).