Effects of polymorphism of the GPAM gene on milk quality traits and its relation to triglyceride metabolism in bovine mammary epithelial cells of dairy cattle
2021
Abstract. Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
(GPAM) catalyses the initial and rate-regulated first-stage pathway of glycerol
lipid synthesis and helps to allocate acyl-CoA (acyl-coenzyme A) to triglyceride (TG)
synthesis and away from degradation pathways in animal lipometabolism-related pathways. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) and GPAM gene overexpression were used to
examine the correlation between the expression of GPAM and adipogenesis in bovine
mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Additionally, three novel polymorphisms
were identified within the bovine key functional domain of GPAM with Sanger
sequencing. The relationship between variants of the GPAM gene and milk quality
traits of Chinese Holstein cows was then analysed using statistical methods.
The results showed that knockdown of the GPAM gene significantly reduced the synthesis of
triglycerides in the bMECs ( p 0.05), whereas the overexpression
of the GPAM gene significantly increased the synthesis of TG ( p 0.05). In Chinese Holstein
dairy cattle, the
polymorphic locus of the GPAM gene E20-3386G > A was significantly
correlated with fat, protein and somatic cell count
( p 0.05); I18-652A > G was significantly correlated with fat, total fat
content, protein, dry matter and somatic cell count ( p 0.05); and I18-726A > G was significantly correlated with protein,
milk yield, dry matter and somatic cell count ( p 0.05). Specifically, individuals with the AA genotype of the
I18-652A > G and E20-3386G > A polymorphic loci had a
higher milk fat percentage ( p 0.05). In summary, GPAM plays a pivotal role in the
intracellular regulation of triglyceride, and its mutations could work as
a competent molecular marker for selective breeding in dairy cattle.
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