Жизненный сценарий и специфика эмоциональной сферы лиц с депрессивными расстройствами. Часть II. Сказки о прекрасном

The article discusses the results of the study into life script and emotional sphere of people with depressive disorders. Such methods as projective research, as well as psycholinguistic and narrative analysis, were used. The theoretical foundations of this study are based on a wide range of psychological tenets, highlighting the main reason for the formation of a maladaptive personality, characterized by rigid relationships with the world, other people, and / or the person themself. This reason lies in the previous decisions made on the person’s future existence, which are formed under the influence of life conditions or upbringing. As the research method, there was used the projective technique "Personal Fairy Tale", which was introduced by E.K. Ageenkova and J.A. Fondo. Personal fairy tales by the people suffering from depressive disorders were used as the research material. The primary analysis of personal fairy tales reveals two types of fairy tales that are characteristic only of people with depressive disorders: "fairy tales about the beautiful" and "fairy tales about the sad". Using psycholinguistic and narrative approaches, there were identified the following personal features of patients who wrote "fairy tales about the beautiful": 1) their mental state is noted to be egocentric and vulnerable, characteristic of young children, which is expressed in an immature worldview, infantile attitudes, and in the need for other people to treat them enthusiastically; 2) naivety, expressed in the perception of the world as beautiful and idealized; 3) insufficient social interest in other people and lack of mutually beneficial cooperation with them, the deficit in emotional empathy; 4) unstable self-esteem, completely dependent on the appraisal by other people; 5) attitudes, implemented in passively "waiting for a miracle", which is expressed in real life in the form of the motto "I am the object of love". Patients who wrote "fairy tales about the sad" are characterized by the following personal features: 1) they do not have the ability to express their negative emotions, but the ability for cognitive analysis of difficult life situations remains; 2) there is insufficient social interest in other people and lack of the need to initiate and maintain communicative relationships; 3) the receptive orientation of the character dominates (as defined by E. Fromm), i.e. there are immature attitudes, characterized by the position of dependency towards the world, sensitivity to loss and by fear of losing other people’s love; 4) there is no desire to fight for life, which is expressed in passive acceptance of difficulties which are "ruining and destroying life". The regularities found by analyzing the two types of patients’ personal fairy tales assume that the worldview by the patients with depressive disorders candiffer significantly, despite the similarity of depressive symptoms. It is essential to conduct a phenomenological study of a patient's personality in order to select adequate methods of psychotherapy and provide appropriate psychological assistance.