Translational impact of novel widely pharmacological characterized mofezolac-derived COX-1 inhibitors combined with bortezomib on human multiple myeloma cell lines viability

Abstract A set of novel diarylisoxazoles has been projected using mofezolac ( 1 ) as a lead compound to investigate structure-inhibitory activity relationships of new compounds and the cyclooxygenases (COXs) catalytic activity. Mofezolac was chosen because is the most potent and selective reversible COX-1 inhibitor [COX-1 IC 50  = 0.0079 μM and COX-2 IC 50  > 50 μM, with a selectivity index (SI) in favor of COX-1 higher than 6300]. Seventeen new compounds were synthesized in fair to good yields and evaluated for their COXs inhibitory activity and selectivity. SIs ranged between 1 and higher than 1190.3,4-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-vinylisoxazole ( 22 ) has the highest SI with COX-1 IC 50  = 0.042 μM and COX-2 IC 50  > 50 μM. 1 and 22 were superior to aspirin in inhibiting platelet aggregation (IC 50  = 0.45, 0.63 and 1.11 μM, respectively) in human platelet rich plasma ( h PRP) assay. They did not induce blood coagulation and hemolysis, and are neither genotoxic nor mutagen. 1 and 22 slightly increase bortezomib cytotoxic effect on multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines (NCI-H929 and RPMI-8226) and affects MM cell cycle and apoptosis when co-administered with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, a drug clinically used to treat plasma cell neoplasms including MM. In addition, structure-based binding mode of 1 and 22 , through Fingerprints for Ligands and Proteins (FLAG) calculation, allowed to explain the one order of magnitude difference between COX-1 IC 50 values of the two compounds. Specifically, the higher inhibitory potency seems due to the formation of a H-bond between COX-1 S530 and the carboxyl, present in 1 and absent in 22 .