The value of c-reactive protein to albumin ratio in predicting long term mortality among hfref patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators

Background Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who received implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) still remain at high risk due to pump failure and prevalent comorbid conditions. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the predictive value of C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) for all-cause mortality among patients with HFrEF despite ICD implantation. Materials and methods Those who were implanted ICD for HFrEF in our institution between 2009 and 2019 were included. Data were extracted from hospital's database. CAR was calculated as ratio of C-reactive protein (CRP) to serum albumin concentration. Patients were grouped into tertiles in accordance with CAR at the time of the implantation. During follow-up duration of 38 [17-77] months, survival times of tertiles were compared by using Kaplan-Meier survival method. Forward Cox proportional regression model was used for multivariable analysis. Results Thousand and eleven patients constituted the study population. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy was the primary diagnosis in 92.3%, and ICD was implanted for the primary prevention among 33.9% of patients. Of those, 14.5% died after the discharge. Patients in tertile 3 (T3) had higher risk of mortality (4.2% vs 11.0% vs 28.5%) compared with those in other tertiles. Multivariable analysis revealed that when patients in T1 were considered as the reference, both those in T2 and those in T3 had independently higher risk of all-cause mortality. This finding was consistent in the unadjusted and adjusted multivariable models. Conclusion Among patients with HFrEF and ICD, elevated CAR increased the risk of all-cause mortality at long term.